— A series of very ancient Palaeozoic rocks, between the Laurentian and the Silurian. Until recently these were regarded as the oldest fossiliferous rocks.

CANIDAE. — The Dog-family, including the Dog, Wolf, Fox, Jackal, etc.

CARAPACE. — The shell enveloping the anterior part of the body in Crustaceans generally; applied also to the hard shelly pieces of the Cirripedes.

CARBONIFEROUS. — This term is applied to the great formation which includes, among other rocks, the coal-measures. It belongs to the oldest, or Palaeozoic, system of formations.

CAUDAL. — Of or belonging to the tail.

CEPHALOPODS. — The highest class of the Mollusca, or soft-bodied