to the self as compassion, makes the pain of others its ultimate purpose.

We are now, however, in a position, by including it, to state the above proof more completely, and rigorously, as follows: —

There are only three fundamental springs of human conduct, and all possible motives arise from one or other of these. They are:

(a) Egoism; which desires the weal of the self, and is limitless.

(b) Malice; which desires the woe of others, and may develop to the utmost cruelty.

(c) Compassion; which desires the weal of others, and may rise to nobleness and magnanimity.

Every human act is referable to one of these springs;