mutual comfort and protection: that it should contain the proper elements and equipment is indispensable for the success of its mission. As I shall often have occasion to mention a caravan, and as this my first was in no sense typical, I will describe ours of some months later, leaving Lusambo for Katanga.

It was composed as follows: — White officers and their servants; gun-bearers and porters; regular soldiers, and a certain number of additional porters to carry the extras which are indispensable to the health, well-being, and contentment of the men. The porters carry all loads — including food, ammunition, and water — for the caravan en route, together with the loads pertaining to the special object of the expedition, such as the forming of stations, exploration, trade, or war. Most of the expeditions