is treated merely as an instrument, and not as an end, and this with perfectly good reason; for he is the indispensable means of upholding the terror of the law by its fulfilment, and of thus accomplishing the law's end — the repression of crime.

But if this second definition helps nothing towards laying a foundation for Ethics, if it cannot even pass muster as its leading principle, that is, as an adequate and direct summary of ethical precepts; it has nevertheless the merit of containing a fine aper�u of moral psychology, for it marks egoism by an exceedingly characteristic token, which is quite worth while being here more closely considered.

This egoism, then, of which each of us is full, and to conceal which, as our partie honteuse, we have invented politeness, is perpetually